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00:00:00">2019-03-03</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-01-23T11:54:37.159Z" title="更新于 2022-01-23 19:54:37">2022-01-23</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/JavaScript/">JavaScript</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="三、JS循环结构"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><ul>
<li><strong>什么是循环结构？</strong><ul>
<li>循环结构，就是根据某些给出的条件，重复的执行同一段代码</li>
<li>循环必须要有某些固定的内容组成：<code>初始化</code>、 <code>条件判断</code>、<code>要执行的代码</code>、<code>自身改变</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="for-循环"><a href="#for-循环" class="headerlink" title="for 循环"></a>for 循环</h2><ul>
<li>语法：<code>for (var i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++) &#123; 要执行的代码 &#125;</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 把初始化，条件判断，自身改变，写在了一起</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">1</span>; i &lt;= <span class="number">10</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 这里写的是要执行的代码</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(i);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 控制台会依次输出 1 ~ 10</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="while-循环"><a href="#while-循环" class="headerlink" title="while 循环"></a>while 循环</h2><ol>
<li><code>while</code>，其实就是当条件满足时就执行代码，一旦不满足了就不执行了</li>
<li>语法 <code>while (条件) &#123; 满足条件就执行 &#125;</code></li>
<li>因为满足条件就执行，所以我们写的时候一定要注意，就是设定一个边界值，不然就一直循环下去了</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> num = <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="comment">// 初始化条件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> (num &lt; <span class="number">10</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&quot;当前的 num 的值是： &quot;</span> + num); <span class="comment">// 要执行的代码</span></span><br><span class="line">  num = num + <span class="number">1</span>; <span class="comment">// 自身改变，如果没有自身改变，那么就会一直循环不停了</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="do-whle-循环"><a href="#do-whle-循环" class="headerlink" title="do whle 循环"></a>do whle 循环</h2><ol>
<li>是一个和 <code>while</code> 循环类似的循环</li>
<li><code>while</code> 会先进行条件判断，满足就执行，不满足直接就不执行了，但是 <code>do while</code> 循环是，先不管条件，先执行一回，然后在开始进行条件判断</li>
<li>语法： <code>do &#123; 要执行的代码 &#125; while (条件)</code></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 下面这个代码，条件一开始就不满足，但是依旧会执行一次 do 后面 &#123;&#125; 内部的代码</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> num = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">do</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&quot;我执行了一次&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  num = num + <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125; <span class="keyword">while</span> (num &lt; <span class="number">10</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="for-in"><a href="#for-in" class="headerlink" title="for in"></a>for in</h2><ul>
<li>循环既可以遍历<code>对象</code>也可以遍历<code>数组</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 第一种情况for in遍历数组 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> arr = [</span><br><span class="line">  &#123; <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&quot;张三&quot;</span>, <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">18</span> &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  &#123; <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&quot;李四&quot;</span>, <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">19</span> &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  &#123; <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&quot;王五&quot;</span>, <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">20</span> &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">];</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">let</span> key <span class="keyword">in</span> arr) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// console.log(key);      // 0 1 2 , 打印的是下标</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// console.log(arr);      // 打印的是数据本身</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// console.log(arr[key]); // 数组中每一个对象</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 第二种情况for in遍历对象 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> obj = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  name1: <span class="string">&quot;孙悟空&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  name2: <span class="string">&quot;贝吉塔&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  name3: <span class="string">&quot;特兰克斯&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">let</span> key <span class="keyword">in</span> obj) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// console.log(key);      // 打印的是键名</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// console.log(obj);   	// 打印的是数据本身</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// console.log(obj[key]); // 打印对象中每一项的值</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="BREAK-终止循环"><a href="#BREAK-终止循环" class="headerlink" title="BREAK 终止循环"></a>BREAK 终止循环</h2><ul>
<li>在循环没有进行完毕的时候，因为我设置的条件满足，提前终止循环</li>
<li>比如：我要吃五个包子，吃到三个的时候，不能在吃了，我就停止吃包子这个事情</li>
<li>要终止循环，就可以直接使用 <code>break</code> 关键字</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">1</span>; i &lt;= <span class="number">5</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 没循环一次，吃一个包子</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&quot;我吃了一个包子&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 当 i 的值为 3 的时候，条件为 true，执行 &#123;&#125; 里面的代码终止循环</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 循环就不会继续向下执行了，也就没有 4 和 5 了</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (i === <span class="number">3</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="CONTINUE-结束本次循环"><a href="#CONTINUE-结束本次循环" class="headerlink" title="CONTINUE 结束本次循环"></a>CONTINUE 结束本次循环</h2><ul>
<li>在循环中，把循环的本次跳过去，继续执行后续的循环</li>
<li>比如：吃五个包子，到第三个的时候，第三个掉地下了，不吃了，跳过第三个，继续吃第四个和第五个</li>
<li>跳过本次循环，就可以使用 <code>continue</code> 关键字</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">1</span>; i &lt;= <span class="number">5</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 当 i 的值为 3 的时候，执行 &#123;&#125; 里面的代码</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// &#123;&#125; 里面有 continue，那么本次循环后面的代码就都不执行了</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 自动算作 i 为 3 的这一次结束了，去继续执行 i = 4 的那次循环了</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (i === <span class="number">3</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&quot;这个是第三个包子，掉地下了，我不吃了&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&quot;我吃了一个包子&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">娄豪杰</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="http://example.com/article/4200b2b0.html">http://example.com/article/4200b2b0.html</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span 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